The guidelines, peer-reviewed studies, and databases that Arogya's clinical reference system is built from
Arogya is a personal health records organiser, not a clinical diagnostic tool or medical device. All reference ranges displayed here are derived from published medical guidelines as indicated. Individual reference ranges may vary based on the laboratory, equipment, methodology, age, sex, and clinical context. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any medical decision. Arogya's AI extraction results must be verified against original documents.
Where published Indian studies show different normal ranges from global values, Arogya uses the India-specific value. Key examples: Haemoglobin (Indian female lower limit 9.9 g/dL, not global 12.0), BMI obesity threshold (≥ 25 for Indians, not global ≥ 30), TSH reference intervals (Indian multicentric 2025), waist circumference (male ≥ 90 cm, not global 102 cm).
Multicentric study across Apollo Hospitals network (~5,000 adult Indian subjects). Establishes India-specific reference intervals for haematology and biochemistry. Key findings include a wider uric acid upper limit for Indian males and lower ALT upper limit compared to global "< 40 U/L" convention.
India's primary diabetes guideline. Defines fasting glucose normal as < 110 mg/dL (vs ADA's < 100 mg/dL), reflecting Indian metabolic patterns. HbA1c thresholds are consistent with global ADA values (normal < 5.7%, prediabetes 5.7–6.4%, diabetes ≥ 6.5%).
India-specific lipid targets. Highlights that low HDL and elevated Lp(a) are significantly more prevalent in Indians than Western populations. Lipoprotein(a) threshold of 30 mg/dL applied — approximately 25% of Indians have elevated Lp(a).
Blood pressure classification for Indian adults. Aligns with ACC/AHA 2017 classification. Treatment threshold: 140/90 mmHg for most patients; treatment target < 130/80 mmHg.
Gold standard for chronic kidney disease classification (eGFR stages G1–G5) and albuminuria categories (A1–A3). CKD-EPI equation used for eGFR calculation. No India-specific modification to KDIGO staging.
Established that South Asians develop metabolic disease at substantially lower BMI than Western populations. India-specific cutoffs: normal 18.5–22.9, overweight 23–24.9, obese ≥ 25 (vs global overweight 25, obese 30).
Large-scale cross-sectional study establishing India-specific TSH reference intervals. Key findings: upper TSH limit rises with age in Indians; women have consistently higher TSH than men. Arogya uses age- and sex-stratified TSH ranges derived from this study.
41-expert consensus on Vitamin D reference intervals for Indian adults. Clinical deficiency threshold: < 20 ng/mL. Debate acknowledged: physiological sufficiency for bone outcomes may be ~12–13 ng/mL, but 20 ng/mL is the clinical action threshold.
Indian-specific spirometry predicted equations. Critical: use of Western (NHANES) equations significantly underestimates airflow obstruction in Indian patients. Arogya uses Jindal & Gupta equations for all FEV1, FVC predicted values.
Age-stratified NT-proBNP and BNP cutoffs for heart failure rule-out. No India-specific modification to these thresholds. Troponin 99th percentile cutoffs are assay-dependent (Roche, Abbott, Siemens values cited where available).
AHI scoring and sleep apnea severity classification: normal < 5 events/hr, mild 5–14, moderate 15–29, severe ≥ 30. Global standard with no India-specific modification required.
FSH, LH, and LH/FSH ratio reference intervals validated specifically in Indian women. LH/FSH ratio > 2 used as indicator for PCOS evaluation. PCOS prevalence in Indian women is 9–22%, among the highest globally.
Age-specific PSA cutoffs validated in Indian men. The generic global < 4 ng/mL threshold misses early prostate cancer in younger Indian men. Arogya uses age-stratified cutoffs: < 2.1 (40–49 yr), < 3.0 (50–59 yr), < 4.1 (60–69 yr), < 6.0 (70+ yr).
Monitoring intervals for Type 2 Diabetes: HbA1c 3-monthly; renal function, lipids, and retinal screening annually.
CKD monitoring frequency by eGFR stage and albuminuria category. eGFR / UACR intervals from G1A1 (annual) to G5A3 (every 1–3 months).
BP monitoring monthly until controlled; metabolic panel annually for hypertensive patients.
CRP, faecal calprotectin, and endoscopy intervals based on disease activity. No India-specific IBD guideline available.
AFP and ultrasound 6-monthly for cirrhosis surveillance. LFT, INR, and platelet monitoring per disease severity.
DAS28 score assessment at every visit. CBC and LFT monitoring 3-monthly on DMARD therapy.
Complement C3/C4, anti-dsDNA, and urinalysis monitoring intervals for SLE by disease activity.
ACT (Asthma Control Test) at every visit; spirometry 6-monthly; step-up/step-down per symptom control.
CAT score at every visit; FEV1/FVC annually; exacerbation history drives step-up therapy.
CD4 count and viral load 3-monthly until stable; LFT on NNRTI-based regimens.
Sputum AFB and chest X-ray per NTEP protocol. Nikshay portal registration mandatory.
MMSE / MoCA cognitive assessment 6-monthly; caregiver burden annually.
Definitive source for cancer incidence in India by site and sex. Used for all India-specific cancer prevalence notes in the hereditary conditions catalog. Key data points: oral cancer accounts for 8.4% of male cancers (2nd most common in men); breast cancer 28.8% of female cancers; lymphoid leukaemia is the leading childhood cancer (29.3% in boys).
N = 4,408,646 Swedish siblings + 333,748 genotyped cases/controls. Provides heritability (h²) estimates for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, ADHD, autism, MDD, OCD, anorexia nervosa, and alcohol dependence. Used to assign Tier 1 to schizophrenia and bipolar.
Comprehensive review of relative risk estimates from family history. Documents 2–5× risk increase in first-degree relatives for CVD, diabetes, and common cancers. Basis for Tier 2 relative risk thresholds.
Clinical criteria for BRCA1/2 hereditary syndrome identification. Early-onset (< 50 years) breast cancer in a first-degree relative and multiple relatives with breast/ovarian cancer are the primary Tier 1 escalation triggers.
Documents the 3–4% national thalassaemia carrier rate in India, rising to ~10% in Gujarati, Sindhi, and Bengali communities. Thalassaemia is the most common single-gene disorder in India, with ~8,000–10,000 new major cases per year.
The definitive vaccination schedule for Indian children, published annually by the IAP Advisory Committee on Vaccines and Immunization Practices (ACVIP). Arogya's children's vaccination tracker follows this schedule exactly. Reviewed annually each January when IAP publishes the updated schedule.
Core and non-core vaccine protocols for dogs and cats. India modification: rabies vaccine is annual in India (3-year vaccine not widely available). Leptospira added as recommended non-core vaccine for India due to high endemic prevalence.
81 of 153 lab metric reference range entries (e.g., WBC count, electrolytes, most coagulation tests) are consistent across all major Indian lab reports (Thyrocare, SRL, Dr Lal, Metropolis) and represent international clinical consensus. No India-specific published study shows a meaningful deviation for these values. They are marked for verification against a systematic Indian reference interval study in the next annual review.
Subclinical parasitic loads in India (soil-transmitted helminths) cause physiological eosinophilia up to 8% without clinical pathology. This is consistent with Indian clinical practice. A primary peer-reviewed source for this specific threshold was not identified in the May 2026 audit. A primary citation is sought for the 2027 annual review.
The metric alias database was built by analysing real Indian lab reports from Thyrocare, SRL Diagnostics, Dr Lal PathLabs, and Metropolis. Each alias represents a naming variant seen on at least one real Indian lab report. This is supplemented by an AI alias learner that adds new variants automatically. No single published naming standard was used as the primary source.
All CHP condition profiles (clinical criteria, monitoring parameters, severity grades) were built by the Arogya engineering team from published guidelines listed on this page. They have not yet been independently reviewed and approved by a licensed physician. Before Arogya makes any claim of clinical-grade accuracy for these profiles, physician review is required.
Last full audit: 22 May 2026 ·
Next scheduled review: May 2027 ·
Internal reference registry: docs/CLINICAL_REFERENCES.md (not publicly accessible)